ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. The required INFORMATION was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and ACCESS to educational centers and parks, ACCESS to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, ACCESSibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which physical and non-physical characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required INFORMATION was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel INFORMATION, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and ACCESS preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas and which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and ACCESS to educational units and parks, ACCESS to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between physical and non-physical factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and ACCESS to educational units and parks, ACCESS to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, ACCESSibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different physical development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in patterns of physical development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior and finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Objective (s): The Covid-19 or the respiratory acute syndrome disease has become one of the most important health concerns worldwide. Hence, receiving the correct INFORMATION is a basic need for prevention of the disease. This study aimed to assess how rural population ACCESSed the Covid-19 INFORMATION. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2022 to February 2023. Using the multi-stage sampling method, nine hundred rural populations from the Sistan, Iran considering the inclusion criteria randomly were entered into the study. Data collection instrument included socio-demographic and specific items. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, percentage) and statistical tests (chi square test, and one-way anova test). The significant level set at p≤,0. 05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 35. 85 ±,12. 56 years, and 52. 4 percent of the participants were women and 38% had primary education. Data analysis according to different social media showed that 66. 6% of participants obtained INFORMATION through rural health workers and the mean scores of knowledge (14. 15±, 2. 84 out of a total score of 16) and preventive behaviors (16. 69±, 4 out of 21) were significantly higher than who obtained INFORMATION from other different sources. In addition, the lowest source INFORMATION was radio (8. 3%). Conclusion: According to the findings, rural health workers were the most important source for providing INFORMATION on Covid-19 among rural population. It seems that the rural health networks have a vital role in health promotion of rural population.

2The rise of virtual media has significantly impacted how people communicate in recent years. However, the spread of misleading and suspicious INFORMATION on social networks poses serious challenges to society. For this reason, detecting false INFORMATION on these platforms is of great importance. Social networks allow for the rapid production and dissemination of large volumes of diverse content, making it difficult to assess the accuracy and reliability of the INFORMATION shared. This task requires collaboration between humans and computers, as it cannot be achieved solely through automated systems. At the same time, the right to free ACCESS to INFORMATION is recognized as a fundamental human right in both national and international legal frameworks. Every citizen is entitled to accurate domestic and global news and developments, using the press and other media to express and exchange ideas. This article provides a thorough examination of the methods used to detect online misINFORMATION, commonly referred to as "fake news." Many of these methods focus on analyzing the characteristics of users, the content, and the platforms where the news is published. By exploring these approaches, the research aims to offer recommendations on how to ensure citizens have proper ACCESS to accurate INFORMATION, in line with their right to free ACCESS to INFORMATION.

A B S T R A C TThe present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting improving the quality of urban housing. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the research was the residents of 8 residential complexes of Atabak neighborhood in District 15 of Tehran. Based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete and error-free questionnaires were collected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was verified in the form of face and face validity, as well as divergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Analysis of data and INFORMATION was done using SPSS and PLS software. The findings of this research showed physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368, the variable of ACCESS to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339, the variable of housing social conditions with a path coefficient of 0.169, and environmental quality with a path coefficient of 0.302 has a positive and significant impact on housing quality. According to the path coefficient obtained for the research variables, the amount of their impact on housing quality is evaluated as average. Among the identified factors, the factor of physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact, and the factor of ACCESS to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339 is ranked second. Also, this factor has a positive and significant effect on the physical quality factor of housing.Extended AbstractIntroductionAtabak neighborhood is one of the neighborhoods of District 15 of Tehran. In this neighborhood, physical changes have been made according to the interventions of the Tehran municipality in line with the implementation of the urban landscape plan and organized (inflow of private sector capital) in different years so far. Along with these interventions, the inadequacy of infrastructure and services to meet the population's needs has become this neighborhood's basic problem. Attention to its qualitative aspect needs to be addressed. This matter is important from the point of view of providing the city's basic needs, equitable distribution of facilities and resources, reducing urban inequalities, improving economic-social indicators, preventing unbridled and unplanned expansion, and ultimately improving the quality of life of the people. It demands that the quality of housing and the factors affecting it be evaluated and that a double effort be made to improve it, and it can provide a suitable context for providing suitable models of housing quality for citizens. Considering the mentioned cases, this research aims to answer the question:- What are the effective factors in improving the quality of housing? MethodologyThe current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected the INFORMATION needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the residents of Mobaat, Minabi, Atabek, Shahrak Sajjadieh, Yas, Zahid Gilani, Shahid Asadi, and Safa residential complexes located in Atabak neighborhood of District 15 of Tehran. The statistical population was equal to 20469 people, and based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete and error-free questionnaires were collected; the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in the form of face and face validity as well as divergent validity. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were used, and according to the results presented in the research findings section, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed. The data obtained from this research were analyzed using structural modeling using SPSS and PLS software. Results and discussion This research showed that physical quality has a positive and significant effect on improving housing quality; according to the value of the obtained path coefficient, which is equal to 0.368, the value of this effect is considered moderate. Based on the results, it can be said that physical dimensions, such as the physical crystallization of housing, are the most objective and material issues in housing evaluation, analysis, and planning. Concerning the impact of ACCESS to urban services on the quality of housing, the findings indicated a significant impact of ACCESS to urban services. In explaining the results of this section, it can be said that gradually, the housing is changing from a single purpose to a shelter. Those other aspects of welfare and social comfort are also added; the limits of enjoying services and ACCESS to the essentials of life are shown to evaluate the housing quality. These indicators are very important in determining housing quality and are an integral part of housing planning. ACCESS to urban housing services is considered one of the main indicators of life, which the Population Crisis Committee has used to measure quality in the world's metropolises. In relation to social conditions and environmental quality on the quality of housing, the results of this research confirmed the impact of the social environment and environmental quality on the quality of housing. Creating residential spaces is a topic that has been discussed previously. From the beginning, human beings have tried to create a favorable living environment that matches the quality conditions of their residence's social and environmental environment. ConclusionThis research was written to explain the factors affecting improving the quality of urban housing. The findings of this research showed that among the studied factors, the physical quality factor with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact on improving the quality of urban housing in Tehran, such that this factor can explain 13.5% of the variance of the housing quality condition variable. Physical quality is defined based on the structural basis of a building and is often defined in the form of rules and standards related to it. The physical quality is sometimes interpreted as the appearance of buildings. Since they are fixed and real things, they are the reason for the emergence of general indicators for housing evaluation. The second factor is ACCESS to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339, so this factor can explain 11.4% of the variance of the housing quality condition variable. This factor has been ranked second regarding the impact on housing quality according to the path coefficient value obtained. In third place was the factor of environmental quality with the path coefficient value of 0.302, and this factor can explain 1.9% of the variance of the variable of housing quality. Moreover, in the last place is the factor of housing social conditions, which has a path coefficient of 0.196. Also, from the other results of this research, we can mention the positive effect of ACCESS to the quality of urban services on the improvement of the physical condition of housing, and the value of the path coefficient obtained for this effect is equal to 0.623 so that it is 38.8% of the variance of the variable. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionThe authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestThe authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Background: The aim of this study is to identify the INFORMATION and communication technologies used by health professionals to assist in training and updating of technical and scientific knowledge about crack, exchange of experiences, and development of programs to prevent consumption and treatment of addicts. Methods: The qualitative methodology was used, constructed an intentional sample by criteria and applied research techniques through semi‑ structured interviews, triangulation of the analysis, and key informants. The study resulted in the presentation of differences between the way key informants and health professionals sought INFORMATION. Results: Internet was the preferred source; however, key informants sought INFORMATION on sites of scientific journals and reference centers, while health professionals did free searches on the internet to consume INFORMATION. Conclusions: The literature does not reflect a broad scope of the specific area, but relates the problem of ACCESS to health INFORMATION to other characteristics. The sources of INFORMATION about crack are focused on digital technologies, the internet and its specific tools. It also finds that health professionals are not being capacitate solidly on the subject of study.

Background and Aim: Today, one of the challenges of doctors is how they can ACCESS medical INFORMATION as quick as possible.Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and Smartphones are such INFORMATION technologies that can be used to ACCESS health INFORMATION. This study aimed to review the most important uses of Personal Digital Assistants and Smartphones in medicine and in ACCESSing health INFORMATION.Materials and Methods: The researchers searched Pubmed, Google Scholar and Scopus to collect relevant articles about the use of PDAs and Smartphones among healthcare professionals. In this search, such terms as Handheld Computer, Smartphone, Personal Digital Assistant, Mobile phone and their synonyms were considered.Conclusion: With regard to the vast amount of INFORMATION produced daily, PDAs and Smartphones are useful devices for physicians and medical students because they can easily get the most recent bits of INFORMATION at the point of care, and improve their medical knowledge through these devices.Utilization of PDAs and Smartphones in Medical Centers will improve the efficiency and quality of health services.

The right of ACCESS to INFORMATION is one of the most important principles, and plays the undeniable role regarding the participation of citizens in democratic societies. This right also plays an important role in protecting the rights and interests of individuals, preventing the administrative corruption and also increasing the administrative transparency. It should be noted that today, this issue has been accepted despite differences in Iranian and French legal systems. In each of these two countries, an institution has been created to control the observance of this right, which in Iran is the Commission for publishing and free ACCESS to INFORMATION, and in France is the Commission for ACCESS to administrative documents. In this paper, it is attempted to examine the structure and tasks of theses commissions and to highlight their bugs, while expressing the way of constitution the commissions for ACCESS to administrative documents in Iranian and French administrative laws.